The cylindrical grave markers in the background are typically associated with Salafi understandings of Islam, and are in contrast to more widespread burial practices among Bosnian Muslims, emblematic, Li argues, of some of the challenges of accommodating local difference within the broader universal project of jihad. The monument to the mujahidin consists of the map depicted in the above image. Photo by Darryl Li.Ī visit to the cemetery of the mujahidin in Livade with Ayman, a Syrian veteran of the jihad who initially came to Yugoslavia in the 1980s to study medicine.
There are no national borders on a map depicting the global flow of fighters to Bosnia-Herzegovina on a monument to mujahidin at Livade cemetery. Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Sygma via Getty Images. His stature derived in part from an echo chamber of English-language "terror experts" who insisted that he was a prominent member of Al-Qa'ida.
The caption reads: "After two years in PRISON in the Immigration Center, we have nothing more to say: THE PEOPLE KNOW."Ību 'Abd al-'Aziz, one of the best-known of the foreign mujahidin to fight in Bosnia, in Newsweek magazine. His family circulated the image in an effort to gain support for his release. He made the connection between his detention and Guantanamo explicit in his orange Bosnatamo garb. He also grapples with the long shadows cast on Muslim mobility by the US-created global network of prisons in the context of the Global War on Terror.Ību Hamza, a Syrian who had come to Yugoslavia for medical training in the 1980s before joining the jihad, was one of those former fighters held in Lukavica detention center. Highlighting the jihad as a universalist project, he moreover reveals unexpected intersections, including everything from South-South legacies of the Non-Aligned Movement to Habsburg Neo-Moorish design confused for Ottoman architecture to Sufi-Salafi alliances. Or, as he pithily put it, he aimed "to write a book about jihad that didn't suck." With this goal in mind, he offers a perspective on the Bosnian jihad on its own terms. Through this lens, Li critically engages with many of the omnipresent yet unexamined concepts associated with Muslim mobility and jihad. Based on ethnographic and archival research, the work explores the Bosnian jihad, in which several thousand Muslim volunteers ventured to the area to fight in response to the mass atrocities against Muslims in the midst of the Bosnian War of 1992 to 1995. In this episode, anthropologist and lawyer Darryl Li discusses his new book The Universal Enemy: Jihad, Empire, and the Challenge of Solidarity.
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